Fadiga por compaixão em enfermeiros intensivistas: revisão integrativa / Compassion fatigue in intensive care nurses: integrative review / Fatiga por compasión en enfermeras de cuidados intensivos: revisión integradora

Introdução: A fadiga por compaixão é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de exaustão emocional, física e/ou espiritual como resultado do trabalho com indivíduos em estado crítico. Objetivos: analisar as evidências empíricas atuais relacionadas à prevalência, causas e resultados da fadiga por compaixão entre enfermeiros de cuidados intensivos. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa por meio de uma pesquisa avançada em bancos de dados: Pubmed, Scielo e Medline. A amostra foi composta por dez artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A busca limitou-se a pesquisas realizadas de 2017 a 2022. Resultados: Os principais achados desta revisão integrativa foram que a prevalência de fadiga por compaixão entre os enfermeiros variou entre os diversos ambientes de cuidados intensivos. Em relação às causas e consequências da fadiga por compaixão, esta revisão descobriu que o ambiente de trabalho e a demografia dos enfermeiros, como idade e anos de experiência, foram preditores de fadiga por compaixão, e os fatores que atenuam os efeitos da fadiga por compaixão entre enfermeiros intensivista incluíram líder e suporte administrativo dentro do cenário clínico e as estratégias de enfrentamento empregadas pelos enfermeiros. Há evidências inconclusivas para identificar preditores explícitos de fadiga por compaixão entre enfermeiros intensivistas. Conclusão: É provável que o início da fadiga por compaixão entre os enfermeiros de cuidados intensivos possa ser reduzido com uma monitorização cuidadosa do bem-estar físico e emocional no ambiente de cuidados intensivos, bem como através da oferta de educação em saúde aos enfermeiros para ajudar no desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento para evitar fadiga da compaixão.

Introduction: Compassion fatigue is characterized by the development of emotional, physical, and/or spiritual exhaustion as a result of working with critically ill individuals. Aims: To analyze the current empirical evidence related to the prevalence, causes, and outcomes of compassion fatigue among critical care nurses. Method: This is an integrative review by means of an advanced search in databases: Pubmed, Scielo and Medline. The sample was composed of ten articles that met the inclusion criteria. The search was limited to research conducted from 2017 to 2022. Results: The main findings of this integrative review were that the prevalence of compassion fatigue among nurses varied across different acute care settings. Regarding the causes and consequences of compassion fatigue, this review found that work environment and nurse demographics, such as age and years of experience, were predictors of compassion fatigue, and factors that mitigate the effects of compassion fatigue among intensivist nurses included leader and administrative support within the clinical setting and the coping strategies employed by nurses. There is inconclusive evidence to identify explicit predictors of compassion fatigue among intensivist nurses. Conclusion: It is likely that the onset of compassion fatigue among intensive care nurses can be reduced with careful monitoring of physical and emotional well-being in the intensive care setting, as well as through the provision of health education to nurses to assist in the development of coping strategies to avoid compassion fatigue.

Introducción: La fatiga por compasión se caracteriza por el desarrollo de agotamiento emocional, físico y/o espiritual como resultado del trabajo con enfermos críticos. Objetivos: Analizar la evidencia empírica actual relacionada con la prevalencia, las causas y los resultados de la fatiga por compasión entre las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora a través de una búsqueda avanzada en las bases de datos: Pubmed, Scielo y Medline. La muestra se compuso de diez artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. La búsqueda se limitó a investigaciones realizadas entre 2017 y 2022. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos de esta revisión integradora fueron que la prevalencia de la fatiga por compasión entre las enfermeras varió en los diferentes entornos de cuidados agudos. En relación con las causas y consecuencias de la fatiga por compasión, esta revisión encontró que el entorno de trabajo y los datos demográficos de las enfermeras, como la edad y los años de experiencia, fueron predictores de la fatiga por compasión, y los factores que mitigan los efectos de la fatiga por compasión entre las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos incluyeron el apoyo del líder y administrativo dentro del entorno clínico y las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas por las enfermeras. No hay pruebas concluyentes para identificar predictores explícitos de la fatiga por compasión entre las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión: Es probable que la aparición de la fatiga por compasión entre las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos pueda reducirse con una cuidadosa monitorización del bienestar físico y emocional en el entorno de los cuidados intensivos, así como mediante la provisión de educación sanitaria a las enfermeras para ayudar en el desarrollo de estrategias de afrontamiento para evitar la fatiga por compasión.

Síndrome de Burnout en profesionales de la salud antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Burnout Syndrome Among Health Professionals Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: To describe the differences in burnout syndrome (BS) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among health professionals, according to prevalence, levels, sociodemographic, occupational, risk, and protective factors. Methods: A comparative descriptive study was conducted, with two samples of similar characteristics from public hospitals in Peru. The sample was 177 for 2019 and 167 for 2021. The instrument used was the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: It was found that there is a higher prevalence of BS and lower personal fulfillment (PF) during the pandemic. For BS, female sex is a risk factor during the pandemic. For emotional exhaustion (EE), the female gender is a risk factor before and during the pandemic. For depersonalization (DP), being 39 years of age or older is a protective factor before the pandemic. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the scores of BS, EE, and PF; no significant differences for DP were found in both periods(AU)

Objetivo: Describir las diferencias en el síndrome de burnout (BS) antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en los profesionales de la salud, según la prevalencia, niveles, factores sociodemográficos, ocupacionales, de riesgo y protectores. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo comparativo, con dos muestras de características similares de hospitales públicos en Perú. La muestra fue de 177 para 2019 y 167 para 2021. El instrumento utilizado fue el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach. Resultados: Se encontró que existe una mayor prevalencia de BS y menor realización personal (RP) durante la pandemia. Para BS, el sexo femenino es un factor de riesgo durante la pandemia. Para el agotamiento emocional (AE), el género femenino es un factor de riesgo antes y durante la pandemia. Para la despersonalización (DE), la edad de 39 años y más es un factor protector antes de la pandemia. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de BS, AE y RP; para DE no se encontraron diferencias significativas en ambos períodos(AU)

Relationship between emotional exhaustion and work stress, thought suppression, difficulties in emotion regulation in clinical nurses / 中国职业医学

Objective To explore the current status of emotional exhaustion among clinical nurses and its relationship with work stress, thought suppression, difficulties in emotion regulation. Methods A totally of 1 159 clinical nurses from 10 cities in Henan Province and Fujian Province were enrolled as the research subjects using grabbing random balls method. And their status of work stress, thought suppression, difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional exhaustion were investigated by Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, White Bear Suppression Inventory, Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and Emotional Exhaustion Scale. Results The scores for work stress, thought suppression, difficulties in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion were (23.5±3.8), (47.4±6.5), (54.1±7.2), (11.7±4.2), respectively. Among them, 40.0% of nurses experienced emotional exhaustion. Bootstrap analysis results showed that work stress positively affected emotional exhaustion among clinical nurses [standardized partial regression coefficient (β)=0.42, 95% confidence intervals (CI)： 0.36-0.44］. Work stress affected emotional exhaustion through thought suppression (β=0.16, 95%CI： 0.14-0.20), difficulties in emotion regulation (β=0.16, 95%CI： 0.14-0.19), and the chain mediating role of thought suppression and difficulties in emotion regulation (β=0.07, 95%CI： 0.04-0.09). Conclusion Emotional exhaustion symptoms are prevalent among clinical nurses. Work stress directly and indirectly influences thought suppression, difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional exhaustion of nurses.

Emotional Exhaustion and Mental Health in a Sample of Chilean Social Science Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Emotional exhaustion and mental health in university students are a public health problem given the harmful repercussions they have on their quality of life and the possible future consequences, even more so if in the academic period the students are affected by a pandemic like COVID -19. This research aimed to determine the presence and degree of emotional exhaustion and its possible repercussions on mental health in social science students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The design was descriptive and cross-sectional, and a questionnaire was used with sociodemographic variables, perception of the affectation of mental health, and the scale of emotional exhaustion (ECE). The results were that a high percentage of 90.2% reported a worsening of their mental health with the presentation of stress symptoms (64.1%), sensitivity (41%), anxiety/distress (39.7%), irritability (39.4%), and depressive symptoms (34.9%). The influencing factors were the pandemic (61.9%), confinement and social distancing (47.3%), economic problems (41.6%), and the news (23.8%). In addition, a high (65.7%); medium (29.2%) and low (5.1%) emotional exhaustion. We can conclude that social sciences students find themselves with high degrees of emotional exhaustion and a perception of a great deterioration in their mental health. These results should call our attention to continue studying the mental health consequences of COVID-19 to prevent possible mental pathologies in the future.

Percepción social del agotamiento emocional en profesionales de enfermería: experiencias con el paciente y la organización / Social perception of emotional exhausti on in nurses: experiences with the patient an d the organization

Objetivo: comprender las percepciones de los profesionales de enfermería sobre el agotamiento emocional y sus consecuencias sobre el trabajador, el paciente y la organización. Método: a partir de un diseño cualitativo se realizó un estudio en la ciudad de Medellín, en el año 2019, por medio de entrevistas en profundidad, a profesionales en enfermería, en quienes se indago sobre las fuentes y consecuencias del agotamiento emocional, hasta alcanzar la saturación teórica. El estudio se abordó con una perspectiva y un análisis fenomenológico. Resultados: durante las entrevistas emergieron siete temas como generadores de agotamiento emocional; quehacer propio de la enfermería, exceso de labores administrativas, conflicto familia-trabajo, relacionamiento, falta de control sobre el trabajo, sobrecarga de trabajo y los desenlaces negativos observados en los pacientes. Como consecuencias del agotamiento emocional se identifican las fallas sobre la seguridad del paciente, insatisfacción laboral y baja productividad. Conclusión: el agotamiento emocional es una experiencia compleja, nuestros resultados señalan algunas áreas potenciales para su intervención en los profesionales de la enfermería, tales como la comunicación con los pacientes y familias, el aumento del control sobre el trabajo y las expectativas realistas en la atención en salud. El trabajo de tipo administrativo y la participación en instancias de decisión dentro de las instituciones de salud, deberán realizarse con base en la evaluación de la pertinencia y de carga laboral de cada profesional de enfermería(AU)

Objective: to understand the perceptions nurses have regarding emotional exhaustion and its consequences on the worker, the patient and the organization. Method: In 2019, we conducted a qualitative study in Medellin (Colombia), through in-depth interviews with nursing professionals, in whom the sources and consequences of emotional exhaustion were explored until reaching theoretical saturation. The study was approached using a phenomenological perspective and analysis.Results: during the interviews, seven themes emerged as generators of emotional exhaustion: nursing work, excessive administrative tasks, family-work conflict, relationship, lack of control over work, work overload and negative outcomes observed in patients. Consequences of emotional exhaustion included patient safety errors, job dissatisfaction and low productivity. Conclusion: emotional exhaustion is a complex experience. Our results indicate some potential areas for intervention in nurses, including communication with patients and families, greater job control and realistic expectations regarding health care outcomes. Administrative tasks and participation in decision-making groups within health institutions must be conducted out based on an evaluation of the relevance and workload of each nursing professional(AU)

SARS-Cov-2 como detonante del síndrome de desgaste profesional en el personal de un centro de salud / SARS-Cov-2 as a trigger for professional wear syndrome in the staff of a health center

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró el 11 de marzo del 2020 a la COVID-19 como pandemia debido a su rápido mecanismo de transmisión y difícil control epidemiológico, lo que representa una pesada carga para el sistema sanitario mundial. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel del síndrome de desgaste profesional que presenta el personal profesional y no profesional del Centro de Salud Jorge Chávez de Puerto Maldonado, frente a la llegada de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio no experimental, tipo descriptivo y transversal, con una muestra de 69 personas profesionales y no profesionales que laboran en el Centro de Salud Jorge Chávez de Puerto Maldonado, Perú, abril 2020. A quienes se les aplicó el inventario Maslach Burnout Inventory para valorar el síndrome de agotamiento frente al incremento de casos de COVID-19. Resultados: El 50,72 por ciento (n = 35) del personal que labora en el Centro de Salud Jorge Chávez presentó un nivel medio del síndrome de desgaste profesional, con el mayor peso en la subescala de agotamiento emocional con un 60,87 por ciento (n = 42) en nivel medio. La situación que más le preocupaba al personal es la escasez del equipo personal de protección como tapabocas, guantes y uniformes. Conclusiones: La mitad de los trabajadores profesionales y no profesionales del Centro de Salud Jorge Chávez presentan niveles medios del síndrome de desgaste profesional. El cansancio emocional es la dimensión más afectada, según las dimensiones definidas por Maslach Burnout Inventory. Entre las estrategias para afrontar la emergencia por COVID-19 están la planificación anticipada, el trabajo en equipo y la disponibilidad adecuada de equipos de protección personal, los cuales son factores fundamentales para prevenir el síndrome de desgaste profesional(AU)

Introduction: The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 on 11 March, 2020 as a pandemic due to its quick transmission mechanism and difficult epidemiological control, which poses a heavy burden on the global health system. Objective: Determine the level of professional wear syndrome presented by professional and non-professional staff of Jorge Chavez Health Center in Puerto Maldonado, facing the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Non-experimental study, descriptive and transversal type, with a sample of 69 professional and non-professional persons working at Jorge Chavez Health Center in Puerto Maldonado, Peru, April 2020. The staff underwent Maslach Burnout Inventory applied to assess exhaustion syndrome while facing increased COVID-19 cases. Results: 50.72 percent (n=35) of staff working at Jorge Chavez Health Center had an average level of professional wear syndrome, with the highest weight in the emotional exhaustion subscale with 60.87 percent (n=42) at the mid-level. The situation of greatest concern to staff is the scarcity of personal protective equipment such as facemasks, gloves and uniforms. Conclusions: Half of the professional and non-professional workers at Jorge Chavez Health Center have average levels of professional wear syndrome. Emotional fatigue is the most affected dimension, according to the dimensions defined by Maslach Burnout Inventory. Among the strategies to address COVID-19 emergency are included: advance planning, teamwork, and adequate availability of personal protective equipment, which are key factors in preventing professional wear syndrome(AU)

Síndrome de Burnout en profesionales de la salud del Ecuador y factores asociados en tiempos de pandemia

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar el Síndrome de Burnout en profesionales de la salud del Ecuador y cómo se comporta con factores sociodemográficos y laborales asociados. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal, en donde se incluyeron profesionales de la salud del Ecuador. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante una encuesta en línea previo consentimiento informado. Para la captura de las variables sociodemográficas se utilizó un cuestionario, para la evaluación de Síndrome de Burnout se utilizó la prueba de Maslach, el cual esta validado en el contexto sudamericano. Resultados: encontramos que la prevalencia de Síndrome de Burnout fue elevada, especialmente en el componente de despersonalización (95%) y agotamiento emocional (47%) y en un menor porcentaje en realización personal (11%). El 9% tuvo afectación concomitante de las 3 áreas evaluadas, representando la estructura de Síndrome de Burnout más severa y un 42% de dos áreas, no encontramos ningún tipo de relación con sexo, pero si mayor probabilidad con edades menores, número mayor de pacientes y en los residentes. Conclusiones: el Síndrome de Burnout es un problema importante para analizar de manera permanente en los profesionales de la salud, sus efectos podrían generar un ambiente que propicie el error y tomando en cuenta la alta prevalencia observada, nos encontramos frente a una situación potencialmente compleja. Está demostrado que los profesionales jóvenes no cuentan con herramientas para afrontar condiciones adversas, en este estudio demostramos que ellos tienen mayor probabilidad de Síndrome de Burnout, por lo tanto una intervención preventiva de salud mental para poder anticipar estos efectos es indispensable

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the Burnout Syndrome in health professionals in Ecuador and its behavior with associated sociodemographic and labor factors. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out, which included health professionals from Ecuador. The information was collected through an online survey with prior informed consent. To capture the sociodemographic variables, a questionnaire was used, for the evaluation of Burnout Syndrome the Maslach test was used, which is validated in the South American context. Results: We found that the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was high, especially in the depersonalization component (95%) and emotional exhaustion (47%) and in a lower percentage in personal fulfillment (11%). Nine percent had concomitant affectation of the three areas evaluated, representing the most severe structure of Burnout Syndrome and 42% of two areas, we did not find any type of relationship with sex but there was a greater probability with younger ages, greater number of patients and in residents. Conclusions: The Burnout Syndrome is an important problem to analyze permanently in health professionals, its effects could generate an environment that encourages error and taking into account the high prevalence observed, we are faced with a potentially complex situation. It has been shown that young professionals do not have tools to face adverse conditions, in this study we show that they have a greater probability of Burnout Syndrome, therefore a preventive mental health intervention to anticipate these effects is essential

Agotamiento Emocional en estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud / Emotional exhaustion in university students within the health field

Resumen Introducción: El Agotamiento Emocional (AE) es la disminución de energía, sentimiento de desgaste emocional y físico, asociados a una sensación de frustración y fracaso. Los estudiantes universitarios experimentan situaciones que conjugan diversos elementos estresores. Objetivo: Describir el AE en estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud en instituciones de educación superior (IES) de la ciudad de Bucaramanga - Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo que siguió un diseño flexible de tipo descriptivo interpretativo, articulado al análisis de contenido. Se realizaron 175 entrevistas abiertas de forma consentida y voluntaria. Resultados: Se encontraron tres categorías con sus respectivas subcategorías: agotamiento emocional (consecuencias fisiológicas y psicológicas), dificultades asociadas (académicas, socio-familiares), estrategias de afrontamiento (activas y resolutivas, pasivas y negativas). Conclusiones: Los estudiantes experimentan el AE, hecho que repercute en su salud física y mental, disminución del desempeño académico y afectación en la vida familiar y social. Las estrategias de afrontamiento para algunos de ellos, son de carácter resolutivo, mientras que para otros son de tipo negativo. El AE puede ser mitigado con estrategias de prevención y apoyo psicosocial.

Abstract Introduction: Emotional exhaustion (EE) is a state of emotional and physical burnout and energy depletion that are associated with feelings of frustration and failure. University students experience situations that combine various stressful elements. Objective: To describe EE health field students from universities of the city of Bucaramanga - Colombia. Materials and methods: A qualitative study with a flexible, descriptive and interpretative design was carried out, which included 175 open interviews conducted in a consensual and voluntary manner. Results: Three categories and respective subcategories were revealed: (i) emotional exhaustion (physiological and psychological consequences); (ii) associated difficulties (academic, social and familiar); and (iii) coping strategies (active and decisive or passive and negative). Conclusions: Students experience EE, which affects their physical and mental health, decreases their academic performance and disturbs their familiar and social interactions. Some students apply decisive coping strategies, while others use negative ones. EE can be mitigated through prevention strategies and psychosocial support.

Prevalencia y severidad del burnout académico en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia por la COVID-19

Introducción: El burnout académico (BA) es un proceso insidioso caracterizado por el sentimiento de agotamiento emocional a causa de las demandas de la vida académica, y pese a su repercusión en la salud de las personas, su prevalencia aún no ha sido reportada en Perú. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue reportar la prevalencia de BA, basado en el agotamiento emocional, que experimentan los estudiantes universitarios, y la diferencia según sexo y año de estudio. Método: Participaron 341 estudiantes universitarios (76% mujeres) de diversas instituciones que se encontraban entre el segundo y cuarto año de estudios. Fue utilizada la Escala de Cansancio Emocional en la evaluación de los estudiantes. Resultados: La prevalencia de BA fue descrita mediante porcentajes y la comparación entre grupos fue realizada con medidas de magnitud del efecto. Los resultados revelan niveles de BA a un nivel alto (31.4%) y en riesgo (11.7%). Por otro lado, las mujeres puntúan más alto que los hombres en BA, pero no se hallaron diferencias según el año de estudio. La asociación con ansiedad y depresión fue moderada. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de burnout académico fue significativa, y se asocia con ansiedad y depresión.

Background: Academic burnout (AB) is an insidious process characterized by the feeling of emotional exhaustion due to the demands of academic life. Despite its impact on people's health, its prevalence has not yet been reported in Peru. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of AB, based on the emotional exhaustion experienced by university students, and the differences according to the student's year of study and sex. Method: Participants were 341 college students (76% women) from several institutions who were enrolled between the second and fourth year-of-studies. The Emotional Exhaustion Scale was used to measure students' AB. Results: The prevalence of AB was described by percentages and the comparison between groups was performed with effect size measures. The results reveal BA levels at a high level (31.4%) and risk (11.7%). On the other hand, women score higher than men in BA, but no differences were found according to the year of study. The association with anxiety and depression was moderate. Conclusions: The prevalence of academic burnout was significant, and it is associated with anxiety and depression.

Factores de riesgo y prevalencia del síndrome de desgaste profesional (burnout) en médicos especialistas, Guadalajara, México. 2019 / Risk factors and prevalence of burnout syndrome in medical specialists. Guadalajara, México. 2019

Objetivo: Determinar prevalencia y factores asociados al riesgo del síndrome de desgaste profesional (burnout) en médicos especialistas. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, participaron 182 médicos especialistas. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales con SPSS 15.0 y Epi-infoV6.1. Resultados: Respuesta del 81,3%. Se detectó burnout en 49,5%. Diferencias significativas: edad menor de 40 años; Menos de 15 años con pareja estable; Que trabajara la pareja; Antigüedad profesional menor a 10 años. Se mostró una correlación negativa entre agotamiento emocional y despersonalización; positiva con la falta de realización personal en el trabajo en presencia del síndrome. Conclusión: el burnout es frecuente (49,5%), perfil de riesgo: ser mujer; <40 años de edad; sin pareja estable y <15 años con ella; que trabaja la pareja; sin hijos; especialidad quirúrgica; <10 años de antigüedad profesional y en el puesto actual de trabajo; laborar en jornada acumulada; con tipo de contratación definitiva, no tener otro trabajo; jornada mayor a 4 horas. Las subescalas en promedio están cerca de la normalidad. Agotamiento emocional y despersonalización, se comportan como el síndrome. Correlación negativa entre agotamiento emocional y despersonalización y positiva con la falta de realización personal con burnout(AU)

Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with burnout syndrome in medical specialists. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted among 182 participating medical specialists. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS 15.0 and EpiinfoV6.1. Results: We obtained a 81.3% response. Burnout was detected in 49.5% of respondents. Significant findings: respondents under 40 years of age; less than 15 years with a stable partner; had a working spouse; length of professional employment less than 10 years. We found a negative correlation between emotional exhaustion and depersonalization was evident, on the other hand, a positive correlation was evident between the lack of personal fulfillment at work and the presence of burnout. Conclusion: Burnout is frequent (49.5%).Risk factors include being a woman; being less than40 years old; having no stable partner and being together for less than15 years; that the couple works; childless; surgical specialty; less than 10 years of professional seniority and in the current job position; has a cumulative work day; having permanent recruitment, not having another job; and a work day greater than 4 hours. The subscales on average were close to normal. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization mimic burnout. A negative correlation was evident between emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. A positive correlation was evident between the lack of personal fulfillment and burnout(AU)

Emotional labor as a mediator between workplace ostracism and emotional exhaustion in nursing professionals / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the mediation role of emotional labor in the relationship between workplace ostracism and emotional exhaustion, aiming to provide practical implications to manage workplace ostracism. Methods Using time-lagged survey, a total of 370 valid responses were collected at two time points from the nurses in a general hospital in Chengdu, including the data of demographics, workplace ostracism, emotional labor and emotional exhaustion. Structural equation model (SEM) was employed to test the relationships. Results The means of key variables were: workplace ostracism 1.30 (1.00, 1.73)，surface acting 1.50 (1.00,2.25), deep acting 3.00 (1.33, 4.00), and emotional exhaustion 3.53 (2.60, 4.20). There was a significant positive relationship between workplace ostracism and surface acting (P<0.01), just as well as the relationship with deep acting and emotional exhaustion (P<0.01). Surface acting led to emotional exhaustion of nurses (P<0.01) and mediated the positive relationship between workplace ostracism and emotional exhaustion. Deep acting was not significantly related to emotional exhaustion (P>0.05). SEM analysis demonstrated an acceptable and reasonable model fit. Conclusions The surveyed nurses reported a medium and low level of perceived workplace ostracism and emotional labor, but a high level of emotional exhaustion. Workplace ostracism has a positive effect on nurses' emotional exhaustion via surface acting. Hospital administration should take measure to prevent and intervene in workplace ostracism, provide organizational and supervisory supports to nurses, and particularly enhance nurse's emotional management skills and encourage use of deep acting strategy to minimize the detrimental effects of workplace ostracism.

Identificação da síndrome de Burnout em motoristas do transporte da saúde / Identification of Burnout syndrome in health transport drivers / Identificación del síndrome de Burnout en motoristas del transporte de la salud

O estudo objetivou verificar a ocorrência da Síndrome de Burnout nos Motoristas do Transporte da Saúde, analisando-se as consequências que esta pode trazer para a vida do profissional. A pesquisa é de abordagem quanti-qualitativa e de caráter descritivo. Aplicou-se o formulário do Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) para identificação da síndrome e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram da investigação 14 Motoristas da Saúde dos municípios que compõem a Agência de Desenvolvimento Regional de município do interior do estado de Santa Catarina. Para a análise dos dados relativos ao instrumento MBI-HSS, foram seguidas as normas apresentadas pelo instrumento e, para a análise dos dados da entrevista, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2009). Os resultados apontaram a manifestação da Síndrome de Burnout nessa categoria de trabalhadores (93% dos entrevistados). Conclui-se que a manifestação da síndrome neste público ocorre pela profissão ocasionar intenso estresse e exposição a fatores nocivos (AU).

The study aimed to verify the occurrence of Burnout Syndrome in Health Transport Drivers, analyzing its consequences to the life of the professional. The research is quantitative-qualitative and descriptive in nature. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) form was applied to identify the syndrome and a semi-structured interview. The participants of the study were 14 Health Drivers from the municipalities that make up the Regional Development Agency of a municipality in the interior of the state of Santa Catarina. For the analysis of the MBI-HSS data, the standards presented in the instrument were followed and for data analysis of the interview, the technique of content analysis of Bardin (2009) was used. The results pointed to the manifestation of Burnout Syndrome in this category of workers (93% of respondents). We concluded that the manifestation of the syndrome in this public occurs because the profession causes intense stress and exposure to harmful factors (AU).

El estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la ocurrencia del síndrome de Burnout en los conductores del transporte sanitario, analizando sus consecuencias para vida del profesional. La investigación es de naturaleza cuantitativa-cualitativa y descriptiva. Se aplicó el formulario Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) para identificar el síndrome y una entrevista semiestructurada. En el estudio participaron 14 Promotores Sanitarios de los municipios que integran la Agencia de Desarrollo Regional de un municipio del interior del estado de Santa Catarina. Para el análisis de los datos de MBI-HSS, se siguieron los estándares presentados en el instrumento y para el análisis de datos de la entrevista, se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido de Bardin (2009). Los resultados apuntan la manifestación del Síndrome de Burnout en esta categoría de trabajadores (93% de los encuestados). Concluimos que la manifestación del síndrome en este público ocurre porque la profesión causa estrés intenso y exposición a factores dañinos (AU).

Síndrome de burnout y justicia organizacional: una revisión sistemática / Burnout syndrome and organizational justice: a systematic review

Se tuvo como objetivo analizar sistemáticamente las publicaciones que abordan la relación entre la justicia organizacional y el síndrome de burnout en diferentes poblaciones laborales. La aproximación se efectuó a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en Scopus, Pubmed, Cochrane; Science Direct y Lilacs de artículos observacionales que evaluaran la relación entre el constructo de justicia organizacional y la presencia de síndrome de burnout. Resultados: se incluyeron 21 artículos en la síntesis cualitativa que analizaban la relación directa entre la justicia organizacional y el síndrome de burnout. Con excepción de uno, todos los artículos analizados reportan una correlación negativa entre la percepción de justicia organizacional y la presencia del síndrome de burnout. Igualmente, se observó que todas las dimensiones de justicia se correlacionaron negativamente tanto con el síndrome visto en forma global o sus dimensiones, solamente el logro personal y el compromiso con el trabajo se relacionaron positivamente con la percepción de justicia. Conclusión: dada la consistente correlación negativa encontrada en los estudios analizados, es necesario dar más relevancia al papel de la justicia organizacional en la aparición o presencia del síndrome, igualmente este aspecto debe ser tenido en cuenta en la formulación de estrategias de intervención(AU)

Objective: To systematically analyse the literature addressing the relationship between organizational justice and burnout syndrome in different working populations. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature contained in Scopus, Pubmed, Cochrane; Science Direct and LILACS of observational studies evaluating the relationship between the organizational justice construct and the presence of burnout syndrome. Results: Twenty-one articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. All but one of the included articles reported a negative correlation between the perception of organizational justice and the presence of burnout syndrome. Likewise, all dimensions of justice were negatively correlated with burnout, both globally as well as with each of its dimensions. Only personal achievement and commitment to work were positively associated with the perception of justice. Conclusion: Given the consistent negative correlation found in the studies analyzed, it is necessary to give more importance to the role of organizational justice in the emergence or presence of the syndrome; this aspect should also be considered when formulating intervention strategies(AU)

The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Absenteeism at the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation

Objective:Job satisfaction is a major determinant of performance in the workplace. Studies have shown that job dissatisfaction can intensify emotional exhaustion, and this can influence nurses to perceive their work as tiresome and repetitive, leading to frustration and discouragement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and absenteeism at Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation (GPHC), and to explore the parameters that may impact on job satisfaction among nurses in3 different units (Paediatric High Dependency Unit (PHDU), ICU, Paediatric Medicine ward), at GPHC.Methods:The study was a retrospective audit of the nurses’ timesheets of 3 departments at GPHC to determine the level of absenteeism among the various levels of nursing staff (RNS, NAs). The nurses of each unit were then given an anonymous Lickert job satisfaction survey to complete to ascertain the potential impact of various parameters on their level of satisfaction. The data was analysed to determine if there was any correlation between the level of job satisfaction and the level of absenteeism. Results:The absent days of the PHDU was 48 (31 official sick leave) for 11 staff members (360 shifts).The absent days on the ICU was 193 (51 official sick leave) for 27 staff members (540 shifts).The absent days on the Paediatric Medicine ward was 323 (136) for 22 staff members (540 shifts).The level of job satisfaction across most parameters related to supervision, support and teamwork was significantly better in the PHDU than the other two units. General parameters related to promotion and administrative support remained low among all 3 units.

Síndrome de Burnout em atletas de futsal feminino universitárias: um estudo comparativo / Burnout Syndrome in futsal women's athletes university: a comparative study / Síndrome de Burnout en atletas de futsal femenino universitarias: un estudio comparativo

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os sintomas de burnout de atletas universitárias de futsal feminino em função da região geográfica, ocorrência de lesões e frequência de treinos físicos e táticos. Participaram da pesquisa 114 atletas (20 a 22 anos) que disputaram os Jogos Universitários Brasileiros no ano de 2016. A análise de dados foi conduzida por meio dos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis e "U" de Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). As atletas de equipes que realizam mais de três treinos táticos durante a semana apresentaram escore significativamente (p=0,041) superior ao das atletas de equipes que realizam até três treinos. O volume de treinamentos táticos parece ser um fator interveniente na exaustão física e emocional no contexto do futsal feminino universitário.

The objective of this study was to compare the symptoms of burnout in female futsaluniversi-ty athletes as a function of geographical region, occurrence of injuries and frequency of phys-ical and tactical training. A total of 114 athletes (20 to 22 years old) participated in the Brazil-ian University Games in 2016. Data analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis and "U" tests of Mann-Whitney (p <0.05). Athletes from teams that perform more than three tactical training during the week presented a significantly higher score (p = 0.041) than athletes from teams that performed up to three training sessions. The volume of tactical training seems to be an intervening factor in the physical and emotional exhaustion in the context of university female futsal.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los síntomas de burnout de atletas universitarios de futsal femenina en función de la región geográfica, ocurrencia de lesiones y frecuencia de entrenamientos físicos y tácticos. En el año 2016. El análisis de datos fue conducido por me-dio de las pruebas de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis y "U" de Mann-Whitney (p <0,05). Los atletas de equipos que realizan más de tres entrenamientos tácticos durante la semana presentaron una puntuación significativamente (p = 0,041) superior al de las atletas de equipos que realizan hasta tres entrenamientos. El volumen de entrenamientos tácticos parece ser un factor interviniente en el agotamiento físico y emocional en el contexto del futsal femenino universitario.

Adaptación y validación de un cuestionario para medir burnout académico en estudiantes de medicina de la universidad Ricardo Palma / Adaptation And Validation Of A Questionnaire To Measure Academic Burnout In Medical University Students

Introducción: Evaluar lLa validez y fiabilidad de un instrumento adaptado al Perú para medir la pre-sencia del Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Medicina Humana en la Universidad Ricardo Palma, tomando como punto de partida el Inventa-rio de Burnout de Maslach - Student Survey (MBI-SS). Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, con nivel de investigación aplicativo. Se evaluó la validez por análisis de estructura factorial con el método de componentes principales, se apli-caron las pruebas de Kaiser-Meyer Olkin y la rotación Varimax; la confiabilidad por el valor alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 223 estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina Humana de la Universidad Ricardo Palma, en el periodo noviembre a diciembre del año 2016. La prevalencia de Burnout académico encontrada fue 28,25% (63); La prueba de adecuación de Kaiser-Meyer Olkin tuvo un resultado de 0.813 y la prueba de esfericidad de Barlett de 1007.5 (p<0.000). Se calculó la varianza acumulada explicada por 3 factores fue de 55.4%. El instrumento obtuvo un coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach= 0,794, con correlaciones entre los ítems, Agotamiento Emocional (α= ,855), Cinismo (α=0,623) y Eficacia Académica (α= 0,744). Conclusión: El instrumento adaptado y validado reúne las propiedades psicométricas para ser con-siderado un instrumento útil y fiable inicialmente en estudiantes de medicina humana de la Universidad Ricardo Palma, presentando una adecuada estructura factorial y consis-tencia interna para la determinación del nivel de Síndrome de Burnout Académico.

Introduction: Evaluate the validity and reliability of an instrument adapted to Peru to measure the presence of Burnout Syndrome in university students of the Human Medicine career at the Ricardo Palma University, taking as starting point the Burnout Inventory of Maslach - Student Survey (MBI-SS). Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, with level of application research. Validity was evaluat-ed by factorial structure analysis with the principal components method, Kaiser-Meyer Olkin tests and Varimax rotation were applied; the reliability by the Cronbach alpha val-ue. Results: 223 students from the Faculty of Human Medicine of the Ricardo Palma University were included, from November to December 2016. The prevalence of academic Burn-out found was 28.25% (63); The Kaiser-Meyer Olkin fitness test had a result of 0.813 and Barlett's sphericity test of 1007.5 (p <0.000). The cumulative variance explained by 3 factors was calculated to be 55.4%. The instrument obtained a Cronbach's Alpha co-efficient = 0.794, with correlations between the items, Emotional Exhaustion (α =, 855), Cynicism (α = 0.623) and Academic Efficiency (α = 0.744). Conclusion: The adapted and validated instrument gathers the psychometric properties to be con-sidered a useful and reliable instrument initially in human medicine students of the Ri-cardo Palma University, presenting an adequate factorial structure and internal con-sistency to determine the level of Academic Burnout Syndrome.

Burnout in the emergency department: Randomized controlled trial of an attention-based training program / 中西医结合学报

BACKGROUND@#Burnout (encompassing emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment) in healthcare professionals is a major issue worldwide. Emergency medicine physicians are particularly affected, potentially impacting on quality of care and attrition from the specialty.@*OBJECTIVE@#The aim of this study was to apply an attention-based training (ABT) program to reduce burnout among emergency multidisciplinary team (MDT) members from a large urban hospital.@*DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS@#Emergency MDT members were randomized to either a no-treatment control or an intervention group. Intervention group participants engaged in a four session (4 h/session) ABT program over 7 weeks with a practice target of 20 min twice-daily. Practice adherence was measured using a smart phone application together with a wearable Charge 2 device.@*MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES@#The primary outcome was a change in burnout, comprising emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal achievement. The secondary outcomes were changes in other psychological and biometric parameters.@*RESULTS@#The ABT program resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.05; T1 [one week before intervention] vs T3 [follow-up at two months after intervention]) in burnout, specifically, emotional exhaustion, with an effect size (probability of superiority) of 59%. Similar reductions were observed for stress (P < 0.05) and anxiety (P < 0.05). Furthermore, ABT group participants demonstrated significant improvements in heart rate variability, resting heart rate, sleep as well as an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.@*CONCLUSION@#This study describes a positive impact of ABT on emergency department staff burnout compared to a no-treatment control group.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02887300.

Impact of incivility experienced by dental hygienists on organizational achievement-as a mediating effect of emotional exhaustion / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: Workplace incivility is experienced by dental hygienists, who perform a variety of tasks and roles in dentistry. Therefore, to enhance the performance of dental and medical institutions, it is necessary to identify dental hygienists experiencing incivility that affects the organizational performance. METHODS: Over a two-month period from May 1 to June 30, 2015, dental hygienists from 30 dental and medical institutions in Busan, the North and South Gyeongsang Provinces, Daegu, Seoul, and the Gyeonggi Province were convenience sampled. Data, from a total of 344 participants, were analyzed using the SPSS and AMOS statistical analysis software. RESULTS: Emotional exhaustion had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between patient incivility and job performance, a full mediating effect in relation to job satisfaction, and a partial mediating effect on the association with turnover intention. Meanwhile, emotional exhaustion had a full mediating effect on the relationships between superior incivility and job performance, as well as turnover intention, while a partial mediating effect in relation to job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: An in-depth review of interventions that can enable a mutually respectful working environment, and promote a healthy culture among dental hygienists in dental and medical institutions is needed.

Síndrome de Burnout en enfermeros del Hospital Universitario San José. Popayán / Burnout syndrome in nurses from the University Hospital San José. Popayán

Resumen: el síndrome de Burnout constituye una respuesta al estrés laboral crónico. Los profesionales que tienen interacción directa y constante con otras personas, son los de mayor riesgo, los enfermeros, se consideran uno de los grupos más vulnerables para desarrollarlo. Se diagnosticó e identificó la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout y las variables asociadas al síndrome y sus tres dimensiones: agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal en enfermeros del área clínica y administrativa del Hospital Universitario San José, Popayán. Estudio de tipo descriptivo, cuantitativo y correlacional. Se aplicó la escala de Maslach Burnout Inventory validada al español y se correlaciono con datos sociodemográficos y laborales reportados por los enfermeros participantes del estudio. La prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout fue del 1,7%. El 15,8% presentaron nivel alto de Agotamiento Emocional, el 10,8% alta Despersonalización y el 9,2% nivel bajo en Realización Personal. Se encontró asociación significativa entre la variable número de hijos y Burnout (p = 0,00).

Abstract: the Burnout Syndrome constitutes a response to chronic occupational stress. Professionals who have direct and constant interaction with other people are the group at most risk; nurses are considered one of the most vulnerable groups to develop it. The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was diagnosed and identified, and significant variables related to the Syndrome and its three dimension: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment in nurses from the clinical and administrative area of the San José Hospital, Popayan. Descriptive, quantitative and correlational study. The Maslach Burnout Inventory validated in Spanish was applied and correlated with sociodemographic and occupational data reported by the nurses participating in the study. The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was 1,7%. 15,8% presented high level of Emotional Exhaustion, 10,8% high Depersonalization and 9.2% low level in Personal Accomplishment. A significant association between the variable number of children and Burnout was found (p = 0,00).

Factors Associated with Emotional Exhaustion in South Korean Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

OBJECTIVE: We examined associations between emotional exhaustion and selected sociodemographic and psychological factors among nurses in inpatient and outpatient nursing units at a university hospital in South Korea. METHODS: The participants were 386 nurses who completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory, a measure of emotional exhaustion. Psychological characteristics were evaluated, including hardiness, self-esteem, experience of trauma, resilience, perceived stress, and social support. Correlation analyses examined the relationships between emotional exhaustion with sociodemographic, occupational, and psychological characteristics. Linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between emotional exhaustion and the assessed characteristics. RESULTS: Higher emotional exhaustion scores were associated with greater depression, anxiety, traumatic experience, and perceived stress. Exhaustion was inversely associated with hardiness, self-esteem, resilience, and quality of life. The regression analysis indicated that gender, marriage, resilience, depression, perceived stress, and secondary traumatic stress were significantly associated with emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSION: This study showed that psychological characteristics, such as resilience, depression, and secondary traumatic experiences, may cause emotional exhaustion. Understanding the needs of people with distinct demographic and psychological characteristics offers valuable direction for the development of intervention programs to prevent burnout among nurses.